Fundamentals of Tourism — 2024

Source: 02 FUNDAMENTALS OF TOURISM NOV 2024-compressed.pdf | Paper code: 2912/101; 2918/101

Source note: The cover says November 2024, but the question page says July 2024. The supplied questions are retained without assigning a definite sitting.

Question 1(a)

Explain five benefits that a tourist may derive from an independent tour package. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Freedom to select attractions that match personal interests.
  2. Flexible timing allows longer stays at preferred places.
  3. Privacy provides time alone or with chosen companions.
  4. Choice of accommodation and transport makes it easier to control the budget.
  5. A personalised pace accommodates individual mobility, dietary and rest needs.

Question 1(b)

Outline five factors that contributed to the growth of tourism during the Roman Empire. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Extensive roads connected settlements and attractions.
  2. Relative peace and effective administration improved travel security.
  3. A common currency and developed trading networks eased transactions.
  4. Prosperous citizens had money and leisure for travel.
  5. Inns, baths, resorts and public spectacles provided facilities and reasons to travel.

Question 2(a)

Describe five types of hotels that are found in urban areas. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Commercial or business hotels cater mainly for people travelling for work.
  2. Conference hotels provide meeting halls, accommodation and event services.
  3. Airport hotels accommodate airline passengers and crew near airports.
  4. Apartment or extended-stay hotels offer longer stays, often with kitchen facilities.
  5. Budget hotels provide basic accommodation at relatively low prices.

Question 2(b)

Outline five functions of the Kenya Association of Tour Operators. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Promote professional service and integrity among members.
  2. Supply industry information to members, clients and agents.
  3. Create business opportunities for members.
  4. Represent members in government policy and legislative discussions.
  5. Mediate disputes between members and their trade partners.

Question 3(a)

Explain five challenges facing Kenya’s tourism industry. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Insecurity and negative perceptions can discourage bookings.
  2. Dependence on particular source markets exposes businesses to overseas economic shocks.
  3. Seasonal demand creates unstable revenue and employment.
  4. Environmental degradation reduces the quality of natural attractions.
  5. High operating costs and inadequate infrastructure in some areas reduce competitiveness.

Question 3(b)

Outline five negative social-cultural effects of tourism on local communities. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Commercialisation of cultural traditions.
  2. Imitation of visitor lifestyles that weakens valued local practices.
  3. Disrespect for sacred sites and local customs.
  4. Social conflict caused by unequal distribution of tourism benefits.
  5. Displacement of residents from culturally important places.

Question 4(a)

Describe five forms of tourism that are available in Kenya. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Wildlife tourism focuses on observing animals in their habitats.
  2. Coastal and marine tourism includes beach holidays and marine recreation.
  3. Cultural tourism involves heritage, traditions, museums and community experiences.
  4. Business tourism includes meetings, conferences and exhibitions.
  5. Adventure tourism involves activities such as mountain trekking, climbing and rafting.

Question 4(b)

Explain five contributions that were made by the colonial government towards the development of tourism in Kenya. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Transport investment improved rail, road and air access to visitor areas.
  2. The establishment of protected wildlife areas helped create a safari tourism product, although it also restricted some local communities’ access.
  3. Administrative security and travel arrangements facilitated journeys by the colonial travelling public.
  4. Support for accommodation and visitor facilities increased capacity to receive travellers.
  5. Participation in regional tourism promotion helped publicise East African destinations overseas.

Question 5(a)

Explain five advantages of using air transport for tourist travel. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. High speed reduces time spent travelling long distances.
  2. International connections link distant tourism source markets with destinations.
  3. Air access makes some remote attractions reachable when surface journeys are difficult.
  4. Scheduled services help coordinate itineraries and onward connections.
  5. Passenger comfort and onboard services can reduce the strain of long journeys.

Question 5(b)

Explain five measures that are taken by the Kenya wildlife service to minimize poaching in the country. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Conduct patrols and surveillance to detect illegal activity.
  2. Investigate wildlife crime and support the arrest and prosecution of offenders.
  3. Gather intelligence and work with other enforcement agencies.
  4. Engage neighbouring communities in reporting crime and benefiting from conservation.
  5. Protect vulnerable species through monitoring and appropriate security arrangements.

Question 6(a)

Outline five strategies that county governments are using to promote tourism. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Marketing local attractions through campaigns and tourism information.
  2. Supporting cultural festivals, sports and other visitor events.
  3. Improving roads, signage and public visitor facilities.
  4. Encouraging investment in tourism services and products.
  5. Partnering with communities, businesses and national tourism agencies.

Question 6(b)

Explain five economic benefits realised by destinations embracing sustainable tourism principles. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Local purchasing retains more visitor spending in the destination.
  2. Conservation safeguards the attractions on which future earnings depend.
  3. Efficient use of energy and water reduces operating costs.
  4. Community involvement supports local jobs and enterprises.
  5. Better environmental quality can strengthen reputation, repeat visits and long-term demand.

Question 7(a)

Outline five factors that are considered in classifying tourists. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Country or place of residence: domestic, inbound or outbound visitor.
  2. Main purpose of travel, such as leisure, business or education.
  3. Length of stay, including overnight or same-day visits.
  4. Travel arrangement, such as independent or organised group travel.
  5. Budget or expenditure level and the services sought.

Question 7(b)

Describe five factors that a tourist may consider when choosing a holiday destination. (10 marks)

Answer

  1. Attractions and activities should match the tourist’s interests.
  2. Total travel and holiday costs must fit the available budget.
  3. Safety and political stability influence confidence in the destination.
  4. Accessibility and entry requirements affect convenience.
  5. Climate and season determine comfort and the suitability of planned activities.
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